Ka Wai Ola - Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Volume 40, Number 11, 1 November 2023 — Lā Kū'oko'a [ARTICLE+ILLUSTRATION]

Lā Kū'oko'a

Hawaiian Independence Day

November 28, 1843 īhe sovereignty of the Hawaiian Kingdom was formally recognized by England and France via the signing of the Anglo-Fran-eo Proclamation, and through a verbal aeknowledgement by the United States thanlcs to the efforts of Timoteo Ha'alilio, William Richards, and George Simpson. For the next 50 years Hawai'i celebrated this national holiday, closing businesses and government offices to enjoy horse races, mele, parades, feasts, speeches, and church gatherings. Learn more at "Pa'a Ke Aupuni: īhe Reel History of Hawai'i" www.lcamakakoi.com/paa.