Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Volume XXXVII, Number 40, 7 October 1898 — Ke A'o Pili-olelo Beritania. [ARTICLE]

Ke A'o Pili-olelo Beritania.

KA' HAINA —T.HE VERB. O ka Haina, he huaolelo ia e hoike ana i ka hana, a i ole, i kekahi kulana noiio ana i ka Haiiaoa a Paniinoa paha. Penei: John works, ke hana nei 0 loane; she s*peaks, ke olelo nei oia (wahine); the wind blows, ke pa nei ka makani; I am, owau no; he is, oia no. Olelo Hoakaka. —E ihoomanaoia, o kekahi mahele ano nui loa keia o ka Piliolelo BerLtania (Enelani), a maihele poh-i.hihi nohoi ma ka hoakaka ana ma ka olalo Haway a loaa pono • iia mahele manao alakai i piii i kela ame keia apana i komo iloko o na olelo kuhikuhi o nei apana nui'o ka olelo. Aka, e hoikeia aku ana no nae ma keia hoakaka kna, elike ine ka hiki, na hoike ame na klakai ano nui i lawa no , ka hoomaopopo ana i keia maihele, me ka manaolana o ka mea kakau, e lilo keia mau hoakaka ama i mau mea kokua nui i ke kanaka Hawaii huli Olelo 3Beritania, f ke komo oia maloko o ke A'o 'Piliolelo ma ka Olelo Beritania. i ' Ua maheleia na Haina iloko o na papa elua: 1. Na Haanapilī-aku (Transitives). 2. Na Hainapiii-ole-aku (totransitives). O ka Hainapdli-aku, he haioa ia i loaa kona hope-.haina, ka mea hoi- i kapaia i kahi wa, he Aui-alo. Pemei: ' 1. Richard struck the ball. Ua pa'i aku o Rikeke i ka popo. : 2. John eats the apple. Ai o- loane 1 ka ohia. ! Hoakaka ana. Richard struclc tJhe ball. Struck he ihaina ia, e hoike ana i ka hana i hanaia e Richard, oia hoi, ua pa'i aku oia, iua hahau aku ~hoi i ka popo (ball). Tihe ball, oia .ka hopehaina. Oia kahi i pili aku ai ka hana i hanaia ai e Richard. Nolaila, ua ku o Ball he Aui-alo ma keia hopunaolelo. 0 Richard ke kumuolelo, a i ole, ka Aui-kumu; o Struck ka haina; a o "the ball" ka hope-haina, e ku ana ma ka Aui-alo. John eats the apple. O Eats ka haina ma keia'ihopunaolelo, a ua pili aku ia ia "apple," oia hoi, ua hoohanaia aku ia maluna oia haiinoa, i nolaila, he hainapili-aku ia. Apple, oia ka hope-haina. O John ke kumuolelo; 0 Eats ka ;haina; :a o "the apple" ka . hope-haina. j 0 ka Hope-haina, oia ka ihaiinoa a j paniinoa paha i hoomaluia aku e ka ! hainapili aku. 0 keia nohoi ka mea ' i oleloia he Aui-alo. i Mamuli o ka loaa ana he hope-haina ; ma ka hopunaolelo, e ku ai ia hopuna- ' olelo"ma ke kulana lawa pono a koe j koena ole. Ua :hiki no ke hoopiliia ka | Mainapili (transitive verb) me kona kumuolelo, me ka hope-haina ole; j aka, aole ia he ihopunaolelo lawa pono. ! Penei: "Solomon built, ua kukulu o Solomc«ia." Aole keda he .hopunaolelo lawa pono, nokamiea, aole i hoikeia mai ka mea a Solomona i kukulu ai. Heaha ka Solomona i kukulu ai? Pane: "A tempte„ he luakini." E hoahui keia mau huaolelo, "a temple" me na huaolelo "Solomon built," loaa mai he hopunaolelo lawa po.no, oia hoi, "Solomon built a temple, kukulu o Siolomona he luakini." āolomon ke kumuolelo; buitt, ka haina; a temple ka hopehaina. Loina —E koi mau ana. ka ihainapili aku i hope->haina. O ka Hainapili-ole-aiu, he haina ia e hoike ana i kekaihi kulana -noho ana 1 pili ponoi i ke kumuiolelo, a e koi ole ana hoi i ihope-haina mahope ona. Penei: « 1. Childran eleep, na kamalii. 2. The sea-bird rises as the billows rise, oho ae la (lele) ka manu-kai i ka onu ana ae a na aui-ale. Hoakaka. ,Ma ka hopunaolelo mua, ua hoike o Sleep i kekahi kulana nioho a.na i pili ia Children, a ua piLi ponoi hoi ia kulana i ke kumuolelo. Ma ka hopuuaolelo elua, o Rises ka haina t pili ponoi ia "sea-bird," a o Rise hol ka haina i pili ia "billows." Aole o laua mau hope-ihaina, nolaila, he mau liainapili-ole-aku laua, oi£t hoi, aohe i pili aku ai ka laua hoomalu ana. Ua kapaia nohoi ka ihuaolelo a mau mamala olelo e ukali ana mahiope o ka hainapili-aku a hainapili-ole-aku nohoi he ukali (complem»ent). Ma na Hainapili-ole-akt», ua lawa loa no ka manao i hoikeia e lakou maloko o na hopunaolelo i ku ai lakou; aka, o na haimapill-ole-aku, elike me be, become, se«m, look, appear, smell, leel ame na haina oia auo hooleahi, he mea pono ke loaa ona mau huaolelo ukali i mea e lawa loa ai ko lakou manao. A ua hookoia keia kulana hoike manao o ka hookomo ana mahope iho o ka haina i haiinoa a i haiano paha; a ma ia ano, ua kapaia lea mua, he Ukali Haiinoa (Noun complement); a o ka lua, h« Ukali Haiano (Adjective complement). Penei: 1. Mary is beautiful. Ui o Maria (Mere). 2. The boy beoomes a mam. Ua lilo ke keiki i kanaka makua. 3. was King. O Kamehameha ka Moi. 4. God is the Lord. O ke Akua ka Haku. Hoakaka. —Beautiful. Ka ukali Haiano o ka haina "is," Man ka TJkali Haiinoa o ka Hainapili-ole-aku "be-

I comes." King ka Ukali Haiinoa o ka haina "was." Lord ka Ukali Haiinoa oka haina "is." | Ma kekalii mau A'o Piliolelo Beritania, ua kapaia keia he poe Haina Okoa (Neuter Yerbs). He lehulehu loa na Haina i pili lua ka lakou *mau hana ana; a ma ia ano ua hiki lakou ke oleloia he'poe haina-pili-aku a he poe hainapili-ole-aku. Ma ia ano nae, he like ole na manao i hoikeia e keia ano haina. Penei: 1. The baby speaks already, | ke kamailio nei ka bebe i keia wa; the man speaks several languages, ke' ! olelo nei ke kanaka i na olelo he leihiilehu. 2. The ship .sinks, piholo kl i moku; the pirate sinks the ship, hoopiholo ka powa i ka moku. i Hoakaka. Ma na hiopunaalelo mua, ! e ikeia ana he hainapili-ole-aku o ' "Speaks," ma ka hopunaolelo The ba- [ by speaks already; aka, ma ka lua o lta 'hopunaolelo, oia hoi, o The man i speaks laugiiagas, ua lilo o Speaks i hainapili-aku, oiai, o kona oia no o several languages. Pela no ma na hopunaolelo elua ma ka mahele elua i hoikeia ae la. Ma ka mua, he hainapili-ole-ak6 o "Sinks" i kekalii hope-hain^; aka,#ma ka lua, ua lilo o "Sinks" i hainapdli-aiku, oiai ua Loaa kona hope-haina oia o "tihe ship." O ka Haina Kokua (Auxiliary Verb) oia no ka haiina e kokua ana i ka hoaui ana (conjugating) i na Haina. E like me shall, may, shouW. Hoakaka. Ma ka Emerson "Hoakaka Olelo no na Huaolelo Beritania" (Laiainaluna, 1845), a pela no me kama "Piliolelo" nohoi, ua unuhiia o "Conjugation" he "Kaulua" ana i na Haina; a ma ka Hitchcock "Engl.ish-Hawaiian Dictionary," ua unuhi oia ia "Conjugabion" he "Aui ana o ka Haina." Ma keia A'o Piliolelo ihoi, e laweia ana ka olelo "Hoaui Halna." (E h.oomama aku ana.)