Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Volume XXXIII, Number 52, 26 April 1939 — Outline History of Hawaiian Islands [ARTICLE]

Outline History of Hawaiian Islands

(Froin līawaii Tourfax Annual) On January IS, 1778. while Capliiin .Tames <"ook. Hoyal Navy. tn <-<miniand of Ihe British explorlncr expo<tition tlinr sailed from Plyn:outh, En>>laiid, in the suinioer of 2770, u':is \<iy;igiii<r froni Tahitl to v the Northwost eoast of AmerioaT he made the important disrovery of the Havvaiian aro.hipelago, his first landing heīng on the island of Kauai. Ile n.aiied the islands Sandwieli I-laiKl-. in honor of his patron, the Earl of Sandwieh. This dosignation was retained unttl shortly after llie arrival of the missionarios: whon it was gradually replaced hy "līawaiian Islan<Ts." While tho Ilawaiian islands were nevor cousid*red discovorod until <'<ioh andiored ut Wainiea. Kauai, jet (liere is scar<'Ply any doubt bnt iliai they had boon soen by soino of llio eariy Spunish navlgutors, who. i w<> <'oiituries hefore Oook'p eventi'ul niado annual voyages ;u-i'oss tlu» PaoiAo froni Aeapuleo to Manila, In a Manila-houiul i<panish \essol onpturod by I,ord Anson. an Knglishnian, thirty-soven years bofore Cook suw Kauai. a ohart wns found on whioh a gro\ip of islands \vas markod in ivd ink. the latitudo <<f whieh fairly woll correspon<Jed wīlll tho position nf the Hawaiian I-iands, alfhough set far eatward, •n longilude. Some therofore. have «•«•nje<-(urod (hat Cook saw this mnp hefore he niade his famous voyages, and was thu* led to search for tho frroup. Captnln Cook sailed on (o the n<»rlliwest and rotunied 1o īīnwnil <>n Noveniber '20, 1779, firsf appear lng off the coast of Maut, and after s< nio ooi)iniurisoations holweeu ship ;:nd shore, durlng whhh liine the M'hU>f. Kamehaineha, afforwards tho <<>iH)iieror <if tho ishinds, spent a oii homrd, Hiu'horod oii .Tnnilary 17. 1771). in tho bay of Kealakekua, Konii, Hawali. Tlirouj-'h a inisundor arlsih« <hirh»a a ivriod of sji*endid frien<lshtp, the poaeefnl KlminllK WetV sh;)lH'lVd ;»nd Cook was Klaln at K<alakokua ltay «n I'<hrunt'.v t(. 177'.» X momnnent i;iark« the phioo. r:-<mi Ui<> !!!!:<* <'f C<>ok's doatll iii(tl! th<» «rr|vii! of t'iip;a!n Van ei»uv»»r, the Kiu;Msh \iavlgnt«.i, 5n 17'.*>' ('ie ,hf, t- of tho dif f <>rt*in .islaud.s ha<! heen ei|£;ii;od in h'.■<.•!> var-, Va Kaiueliame

>.:i li;hī nirtdo blinself innster*of the i-'hunl of īīawnii. and almirty as-i'in-il !i> iiominion ovpr othPrs. V;ru<>n\or punle three visits to tliC īsl;inds. Uio secon<l in 1703 nml tho lsivt in 1704. līo ma«io a ftxvoratilP hiiprt'>si<in uiHin Kamehameha nlnnn ho }>ivsent<Ml witli a few hoa<l <■<■ < ;iiih» w iiieli lto liiKl lirouglit froni ~i '.u i'io iir-i evor seen l»y tlie narives. " 1., 17!' 1 K,iin.'!i:iUH'li;\ \vii< niftstt»r oi lluwaii; iiaui, Molokai, Lai<.:i aml K;ili<>ol:uvo. iiml in ITT>S, oi o.'iim. ;iiui unneU liis people out ii|i<>ij ihf t«i tiH tlunn aiul īH'iiiU. |ii<isjx'rii,v to lii« kinj;(lom. Kuin< h.iniolia diod at Knilua, Ilawaii. Mk\ S, ISIU, ilie .voav l»efore Ui«? n<isKioii;iru l .'i arrived.

i lf« \vas snofoeded hv his son, Li- | liolilio (Kameliameha II). by Keoj pnolani. a tabu. or saered chiefess, ! sind a <iaujrl!H>r of the King of | Mani. The young kiiig did not pos. j s**s,s the jireat <iualitief of his fathj ei\ and yielded to listlessness, but | the new ruler was heavil,v handloapt hy the sr*'atnosi< of hls il!usI rrious father, who was superior in I statesnianship and iuilitary leader-

Bhip. Tli<' iUHijct r comj)au.v of missioUarU's i'ioin N EngUu)d arrive<3 at Kailua, llawa i, froiu Isost<ui, Ai>ril 4, 1820, iii tlie Thattdeus. The> first iuissioaai.* to go ashure tliere, jUl«»r roc*>iviuir j>eniiissio« from tlio Kaaliuuiiiiui, uiul ilie young was Kev. A.s;i Thurston and J»is uii'e. Th«- TiHHi<Unis wont on j iu Maui juhl ilien t<> Ilouolulu, and j ;u tliis })!av o, Rev. Hiram D!ogliaui | aiul his wife, also set ular memj i?*-rs. iiiv3u<liiig a print<*r and a farj mer, laiiiloil. j lu tlio iirs;t Americau warj >iliips airivoc]. the Oolphin and the j l'eaeoek. (Jio latior eomniande<! li?| | Lioui. Tlios. Ap Cuto*b? Jones, U -: j s.N.. who neKoth!tfj a treaty onl I lk.'lia!f vf iiis rouutry but whīohj j\\as novor r;a!fu'o at WaslUogtf>n, j j Kuiuoluuuoha II \\as i>.v ;i .\ounjjor hnuhor, Kamehameha j 111, who ruloil uiaii Ws death l«| j ISSI. Hi» roiijn was one of thej n,(isi irui»'inini of as dTorini: ihai liiuo iho p>v«>ni!iient emergo<t j fi'i»ia foutlulism im»< ihat j b,v iuiisiiiuiioi!iil foruifi, i>rovS<le<l : j wiih a r.v a:ul lojfis!ature. A, i i:ivui sU«uo vhuroh was buUt !n; , I SII. This \vas Kawoiuliao, the ! j"W«-st«ilnislor Ahbov of HawaU."] jThe is!auds we?V -oif.o<t J» rcbru-1 j ; 1 <•!:». b.\ <:e«»r;u? r«u!et. • i:ivi,iiM? lmt r*Muivd Ad»»t--"•'1 Tl,i-hki-. tl«' i:iii;llsh e»stgl» i-'vu-ivd a:i<s iho nawa»tm bP !isji h ut uj> in \vhat lsi «ovr <ailo,l "Th< ! iU;ls Ilonoiulu, Ilio sj!oiH'h of ThankB ov, Ju'y Sl. ratt« tt* muioim! uuuio of HuwiMl **tTa mau '• < " Ka ain.i i ka Tll(* i MI t!»« huoi »s |H'riwluated I». x i-:i:!itoous»ess). j I>> im«' .» it\.u.\ x\Kti rViuuark j

was nogotinted, one whioli waf n ! L;reat advanoe towards marking Hawaii as a nation among power>?. j tn IR4S tlie Oreat Maliele was re-! oordod. This \vas tho d|vision, undot ; i new law, of al! the lands, wliioh fornior?j- were ownod oxolusively lvy tlie king. One-third wa» rosorved to the king, one-third to ! iln' < )i ; ef-;. and one-third ?et aside | for the eommoners. Th<> lwln<i <llvUTod his. portton Inio iwo parts, oiie part for hiniself ciilled "cr<iwn lands" and one part a»- government lftnd. īn 1574, on Februury 12, DAvid Kalakaua. a higli rhief was select- ♦ <1 li> su<'< eed King Lunalilo followins tho latter'ss death after a sh.ort reign. In,niediatelj in that year negotiations were renewed witli the TTnited States for tlie passage of a Hecipr<Hrity Treaty by whieh the American manufactures were to enter Hawaii free of duty in exchange for rhe privilege of Hawaiian sugar enterinsī tlie ITnfted States free of dut.v. The king Treut to Washinfrt«m «nd personally pleaded for the treaty, whioh was ratifled lu 1878» fjood for seven years, It was vnāet the extension of this treaty In 18S7 that Pearl llarbor heeame a fhotor in Amerloan polioies tn the Pao!fio. Tfnivail gave Poari Harbor over to the riiited States as n coaling base for Ihe n«vr. i

Kalakaua*s reign svas a mtxture of progress and retrogression, Trtd'ystrvully it forged ahead. PolUioally, it met with setbacks. The leaniHi toward the ahsolnMsm of llie enr!y tyj>e of s<.>vepe!gntjr. A new <<nistitutiou was wre?ted fi"orn hiiu by the foreigners in 1887 The king died iu 1891 an<l was sucoees- - l.y liis sister Liliuolealani. She was headstrong, setfwmod : and desired abovo all Ihing£ to eaueel the coostltulion fioui her l«rother. riid"Ubte<Tlj', was gtīi cvre iu lior vio\v tbat tho fv>rvlKiwrs worv obta,tiithg t<v ni'oeh InliuoiHe in hor lstmi%, anfi titer lluwailan pooplo were being foreed into a baekgr*>und, and eventQally !nto poliiieai ohlivton. Her des!re to for<-v a now oorist!tution upon thv sounded the de;ith kne*?l

<<f h»-r roijjn an«t of tho līawallan iuonnr«"hy, Tho forMgners gud&>n- !\ haiidoit tog«iher nn Janaarv 11, ISW, foriiu >l :: oomuiltt|o of sa<V*ty, and Qrjranh< , 'l a pro<rlsl6ttal govem na*ni "ti tho hn*i# a iiUil «ho» tho tn ii«r'\i»u >>\u Iht |vfiVjjirasn, lar*vtj to hs3 tvoMv£3 f:s'iit oth«r<, th.> «<H&TttUt<* <1?..! th.' f«\rvisl ibv U' «Mloato and >'r«i. !.iJnio«l tl;«' f*royis?osat Oowm .., 1 naw,«}|, *;!th B 1 >t«So iis |*r«-.<i< , len! Thl» tt«*V inSs«vJapwarv 17, T' o R«»j.ut\He of was |»w»o!aln»H oti Jt»ly ■*. !I*N il'i r.' I**, !he !!A«ut(«Ti *" '

1 flag wn? lowerfd frot\i tlu- oW r«\vnn j rataco flagstaft. nn<! tho AJnort«-an7 |flag ratsod, fhovol\v o<:!;M>lis;Tsing' ! Amrvlc;:n s;ovoro!jrnty. Oii .Ttmo 14, . 1900. īlawail flnully lu'.'amo a tor-| ' ritory nml tlio TiP]>aMfo <>f Huwaii ' coase(l. I"resu!ent Ti.il c ho. amo- | f:orpmor t>olo. t?io tīr<( exLVutive* ' un(Jet tho tcrrltor!aT r.»f:u. j Hawaii is an intoirr;il ;uin of tlie- | Untted Statcs, a faot« torritory,- ' not a "co!ony" or a ~p oss:o.'!sion.'"' Th« Prosident of tlio l'niU'ii Strttes' f>ppo!nts tlio (lovornor aml tho So ! | owtnry «>f tho Torritory. f,» r a (onn ■ of four yoars. Tho .f»s«i<vs of Ihe* ! Bnprcnio Court :unl t!ie jniliros of* ■ tlie Cīrcu!t Conrts aro also appoiut.' ! by tho rresiciont. ii»t allTitlior! | principal territoriai ofr»cīals. in-| | cTtKTln!r" meiriT"iers of tlso lo;rī*la{ure (30 repro*ontntīve> "n tho Hou^o—' j T5 Sonatōr!i in fhc Sonato) ai-o eTect-' ! ed. j j The ra?vufives ( .f TT.iwan Kamohameha unitO(! tlio tsTands liavo l>oon as follo\v*: | j Sover«igns | ! Name Year» ? "Kamehnmeha 1 TTtV! ISIĪ> ! Kaniohainohii īī IJS;M ! | Kninohanu'lia m ... 1524-1554 ] , Knwiohamoha !V ' J Kamehamoha V TBfiß-tS72 ! !WMian'. r. T.un:>ino 1 <573-1 S7r I Tiayi,l . . Ifs7f> 1<S»1 ' ! ī.lliMokalani ISPM3)S' Qovernor« j ¥!rtnfoH R lv>!o 11WMW18' (Vortrc R. Omop ITW-190T ' Wfllter F. IWT-101S ' f,<MWs K. l*?nkh:i!!i Chrtrle« «T. \!cC ; mhy .. 1!>1S-1t>2t WwHaee lt Kir»ini!on 195t-IW!*' f,swrM.v M Tn-t,* ! Joseph R po?r<!o\Tt»r TW4I —TVrrttorta! AreWvw ' t I - !